Describe ADHD

"ADHD" refers to "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" . A variety of symptoms, such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and an inability to focus, pay attention, control frustration, maintain organization, or stay organized, are present in both children and adults with this disorder. Their actions cause disruptions in the house, at school, and in other places. As a result, although having normal intelligence, individuals could struggle to learn. Drug medication or behavior therapy are the mainstays of treatment.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recently advised clinicians to examine children for ADHD as early as age four if they exhibit symptoms. Previously, older kids received the majority of the attention. Being a biological condition, ADHD seems to be partially inherited. Changes in the function of certain brain chemicals, known as neurotransmitters, specifically dopamine and norepinephrine, are the source of symptoms. The action of these neurotransmitters is specifically addressed by drug therapy.

ADHD medications

There are two types of drugs used to treat ADHD: stimulant and non-stimulant. Methylphenidate and amphetamine are examples of stimulant medications. Adderall®, Ritalin®, Dexedrine®, Vyvanse®, Focalin®, Metadate®, Concerta®, and Daytrana® (skin patch) are examples of common brand names. The FDA has not authorized atomoxetine (Strattera®), guanfacine (Tenex®, Intuniv®), and clonidine (Catapres®) as non-stimulant medications. These medications are occasionally used for ADHD. Forms that act quickly work for a few hours. Preparations for extended release could take many hours, say, throughout the course of a school day. Drugs are available in multiple dosage strengths. Usually, a modest dose is started and raised as necessary. When creating a treatment plan, there may be some trial and error because different patients respond better to different medications. For their symptoms to be under control, some kids require many ADHD medications. While receiving treatment for ADHD, kids may also need to take medications for other mental health issues.

ADHD symptoms

ADHD symptoms can be effectively managed with the proper medication or medications. But medications for ADHD might have adverse effects, just like any other drugs. The most frequent adverse effects of stimulant medications include difficulties falling asleep, stomach pain, and appetite loss. Over time, these effects frequently diminish. A change in the timing of doses could mitigate some of these effects. It is possible for children to have slightly elevated blood pressure and a slightly quicker heart rate. Children don't always grow as quickly, however this is typically only the case briefly. Children will be closely examined by their doctors for a number of reasons, including the uncommon reports of effects on the heart. "No evidence" that using an ADHD medication raised a child's risk of heart attack, stroke, or sudden cardiac death was discovered in a recent study on the medication. Sleepiness, upset stomach, and appetite loss are possible side effects of atomoxetine. Usually, these negative effects fade with time. Blood tests are required for children on this medication to monitor liver function. Although it is uncommon, there have been instances where youngsters using this medication have thought about suicide. Adults with high blood pressure can be treated with guanfacine or clonidine. Blood pressure monitoring is necessary for children who take any of these for ADHD. In addition, these medications may result in tiredness, agitation, or anxiety.

Overindulgence with ADHD medications

The effects of an overdose vary depending on the specific drug consumed, the dosage, if the child was taking their own medication, and whether any additional medications were taken. If a toddler accidentally takes his own low-dose medication twice, he may not require medical attention. Nevertheless, even a double dose may be excessive if the pills have a high dosage. A child who takes their sibling's medication is in the same boat. Sometimes a single low-dosage pill would be sufficient, while a bigger amount could necessitate medical attention. Depending on the medication and dosage, a high school or college student who takes a friend's prescription may or may not experience major side effects. Nevertheless, taking someone else's medication is NEVER a smart idea! Even a "normal" dosage may have negative side effects or conflict with other medications. Any intentional overdose necessitates emergency medical attention. Even if the person appears to be fine, contact the poison specialists as soon as possible at 

Using ADHD medications safely

Preschoolers: The FDA has approved some ADHD medications for use in kids as young as three. To stop an overindulgence:

After administering the medication, firmly replace the child-resistant cap.

Keep the bottle high and out of children's reach.

Tell the kid that this is a prescription drug, not candy. Only parents or other adult caregivers should administer it to children.

Every single time before administering medication, read the label.

Provide a mechanism to avoid giving a youngster more than one adult's dose of medication.

Children in elementary school: Adult caregivers, such as parents, should give children medicine. Until parents are confident that their child knows how to take medication properly, they shouldn't let them take their own.Between doses, keep medications secure. Even in middle school, kids have given their own ADHD medications to friends and classmates. Students in high school and college, young adults: In this age group, medication abuse related to ADHD is widespread and well-researched. Drugs are occasionally taken over-the-counter in an effort to enhance athletic or academic performance. Large doses of these medications are used recreationally by certain students, frequently in conjunction with methamphetamine, cocaine, or alcohol. Poisons of this kind can result in death, convulsions, heart attacks, strokes, and extremely high body temperatures.It is imperative that parents and healthcare providers educate their children about the illegality and safety of sharing prescription medicines for disorders such as ADHD. There may be disastrous medical outcomes as well as serious legal repercussions.